How can a player alter the characteristics of their ball during a round?

To alter the characteristics of a golf ball during a round, cleaning it can affect its performance by removing dirt, grass, or other debris that may impact its flight or roll. A clean ball can enhance its aerodynamic qualities and allow for a more predictable trajectory and spin. This adjustment is within the rules of golf, as long as it is done without any performance-enhancing substances or prohibited methods.

Cleaning the ball maintains its surface condition and can improve its interaction with the clubface at impact, leading to better control over distance and spin. The other methods mentioned, such as applying substances to enhance performance, stroking it with a club, or heating it in hands, can violate the rules and lead to penalties. These actions involve manipulating the ball in a way that is not permitted during play, which is why cleaning the ball stands out as the correct and rule-compliant method to alter its characteristics in a beneficial way.